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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Synechocystis</i></h1>
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<table cellpadding="2" class="float-right taxobox infobox" id="Vorlage_Taxobox" style="width:300px;margin-top:0.5em;" summary="Taxobox">
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<th><i>Synechocystis</i>
</th></tr>
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<td class="taxo-bild" style="font-size:smaller;">
<p><i>Synechocystis</i>, Schemazeichnung (Querschnitt)
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<th><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Systematik</a>
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<td><i><a href="Dom%C3%A4ne_(Biologie)" title="Domäne (Biologie)">Domäne</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Bakterien" title="Bakterien">Bakterien</a> (Bacteria)
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<tr>
<td><i><a href="Stamm_(Biologie)" title="Stamm (Biologie)">Stamm</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Cyanobakterien" title="Cyanobakterien">Cyanobakterien</a> <a href="Sensu_lato" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensu lato"><i>s. l.</i></a> (Cyanobacteriota)
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<td><i><a href="Klasse_(Biologie)" title="Klasse (Biologie)">Klasse</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Cyanobakterien" title="Cyanobakterien">Cyanobakterien</a> <a href="Sensu_stricto" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensu stricto"><i>s. s.</i></a> (Cyanophyceae)
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<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a>:</i>
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<td>Synechococcales
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<td><i><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a>:</i>
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<td>Merismopediaceae
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<td><i><a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a>:</i>
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<td><i>Synechocystis</i>
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<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>
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<td class="taxo-name"><i>Synechocystis</i>
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<td class="Person">Sauvageau, 1892<sup id="cite_ref-Komarek2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Komarek2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<p><i><b>Synechocystis</b></i> ist eine <a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a> einzelliger <a href="S%C3%BC%C3%9Fwasser" title="Süßwasser">Süßwasser</a>-<a href="Cyanobakterien" title="Cyanobakterien">Cyanobakterien</a> aus der <a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a> der Merismopediaceae. Sie umfasst eine (unbenannte) Spezies, <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803,<sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_PCC_6803_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_PCC_6803-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> die ein gut untersuchter <a href="Modellorganismus" title="Modellorganismus">Modellorganismus</a> ist.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolution">Evolution</h2></div>
<p>Cyanobakterien sind photosynthetische <a href="Bakterien" title="Bakterien">Bakterien</a>, die seit schätzungsweise 2,7 Milliarden Jahren auf der Erde existieren.
Die Fähigkeit der Cyanobakterien, <a href="Sauerstoff" title="Sauerstoff">Sauerstoff</a> zu produzieren, leitete den Übergang von einem Planeten mit hohem <a href="Kohlendioxid" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohlendioxid">Kohlendioxidgehalt</a> und wenig Sauerstoff zu einer Phase, die als <a href="Gro%C3%9Fe_Sauerstoffkatastrophe" title="Große Sauerstoffkatastrophe">Große Sauerstoffkatastrophe</a> (<span lang="en">Great Oxygenation Event</span>) bezeichnet wird, in der große Mengen an Sauerstoff produziert wurden.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Cyanobakterien haben eine große Vielfalt an Lebensräumen besiedelt, darunter <a href="S%C3%BC%C3%9Fwasser" title="Süßwasser">Süß</a>- und <a href="Salzwasser" title="Salzwasser">Salzwasser</a>-<a href="%C3%96kosystem" title="Ökosystem">Ökosysteme</a> und die meisten <a href="Terrestrisch" title="Terrestrisch">terrestrischen</a> Umgebungen.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Phylogenetisch gesehen verzweigt sich <i>Synechocystis</i> später im evolutionären Stammbaum der Cyanobakterien, weit weg von der basalen Spezies <i><a href="Gloeobacter" title="Gloeobacter">Gloeobacter</a> violaceus</i> (<span lang="en">ancestral root</span>, „Urwurzel“).<sup id="cite_ref-Shih2012_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shih2012-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<i>Synechocystis</i> ist nicht <a href="Diazotroph" class="mw-redirect" title="Diazotroph">diazotroph</a> (Stickstoff-fixierend), aber eng mit einem anderen Modellorganismus, <i><a href="Cyanothece" title="Cyanothece">Cyanothece</a></i> ATCC 51442, verwandt, welches diazotroph ist.<sup id="cite_ref-Bandyopadhyay2011_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandyopadhyay2011-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Daher wird vermutet, dass <i>Synechocystis</i> ursprünglich die Fähigkeit besaß, Stickstoffgas zu fixieren, aber später die <a href="Gen" title="Gen">Gene</a> verloren hat, die erforderlich sind für ein voll funktionsfähiges Gencluster zur <a href="Stickstofffixierung" title="Stickstofffixierung">Stickstofffixierung</a> (<i>nif</i>, <i><span lang="en"><b>ni</b>trogen <b>f</b>ixation</span></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematik">Systematik</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a>: <i><b>Synechocystis</b></i> <small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261921330">
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</style><span class="Person h-card">Sauvageau</span>, 1892</small><sup id="cite_ref-Komarek2014_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Komarek2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LPSN_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPSN-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_gen_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_gen-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li><a href="Art_(Biologie)" title="Art (Biologie)">Spezies</a>: <i>Synechocystis aquatilis</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Sauvageau</span> 1892</small></li>
<li>Spezies: „<i>S. bourrellyi</i>“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Komarek</span> 1976</small><sup id="cite_ref-nurNCBI_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nurNCBI-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Spezies: „<i>S. fuscopigmentosa</i>“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Kovacik</span> 1988</small><sup id="cite_ref-nurNCBI_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nurNCBI-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Spezies: „<i>S. limnetica</i>“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Popovskaja</span> 1968</small><sup id="cite_ref-nurNCBI_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nurNCBI-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Spezies: „<i>S. minuscula</i>“ <small><span class="Person h-card">Woronichin</span> 1926</small><sup id="cite_ref-nurNCBI_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nurNCBI-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Spezies: „<i>S. nigrescens</i>“<sup id="cite_ref-nurNCBI_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nurNCBI-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Spezies: <i>S. pevalekii</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Ercegovic</span> 1925</small></li>
<li>Spezies: <i>S. salina</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Wislouch</span> 1924</small></li>
<li>Spezies: <i>S. trididemni</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Lafargue & Duclaux</span> 1979</small></li>
<li>Spezies: <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6301<sup id="cite_ref-Sakamoto1999_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakamoto1999-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Spezies: <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803<sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_PCC_6803_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_PCC_6803-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Krings2023_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Krings2023-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<dl><dd><ul><li><a href="Stamm_(Biologie)#Bakterien" title="Stamm (Biologie)">Stamm</a>: PCC 6803 A</li>
<li>Stamm: PCC 6803 B</li>
<li>Stamm: ATCC 27184<sup id="cite_ref-huanglindblad_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huanglindblad-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Stamm: GT-I<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GT_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GT-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Stamm: GT-S<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GT_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GT-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Anm. 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Stamm: Kazusa</li>
<li>Stamm: PCC-N</li>
<li>Stamm: PCC-P</li></ul></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<p>Die Spezies <i>Synechocystis didemni</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Lewin</span> 1975</small> wird heute in die Gattung <i>Prochloron</i> <small>(ex <span class="Person h-card">Lewin</span> 1977) <span class="Person h-card">Florenzano</span> <i>et al.</i> 1986</small><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gestellt mit gültigem Namen <i>Prochloron didemni</i> <small>(ex <span class="Person h-card">Lewin</span> 1977) <span class="Person h-card">Florenzano</span> <i>et al.</i> 1986</small>.<sup id="cite_ref-LPSN_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LPSN-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Neben dem Referenzstamm von <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803 wurden weitere Modifikationen dieses Elternstamms geschaffen, wie z. B. ein Unterstamm <i>apcE</i><sup>−</sup>, dem das <a href="Photosystem_I" title="Photosystem I">Photosystem I</a> (PS1, auf dem <i>apcE</i>-Gen) fehlt.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Ein anderer weit verbreiteter Unterstamm von <i>S.</i> sp. PCC 6803 ist ein <a href="Glukose" class="mw-redirect" title="Glukose">glukose</a>toleranter Stamm mit Bezeichnung ATCC 27184 – der Elternstamm PCC 6803 kann keine externe Glukose verwerten.<sup id="cite_ref-huanglindblad_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-huanglindblad-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synechocystis_sp._PCC_6803"><span id="PCC6803"></span><i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803</h2></div>
<p>Eine ganze Reihe von Cyanobakterien sind <a href="Modellorganismus" title="Modellorganismus">Modellmikroorganismen</a> für die Untersuchung der <a href="Photosynthese" title="Photosynthese">Photosynthese</a>, der <a href="Kohlenstofffixierung" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohlenstofffixierung">Kohlenstoff</a>- und <a href="Stickstofffixierung" title="Stickstofffixierung">Stickstoffassimilation</a>, der Evolution von <a href="Plastiden" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastiden">Plastiden</a> (<a href="Chloroplasten" class="mw-redirect" title="Chloroplasten">Chloroplasten</a> etc.) und der Anpassungsfähigkeit an <a href="Umweltstress" title="Umweltstress">Umweltstress</a>.
<i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803 ist eine Linie einzelliger <a href="S%C3%BC%C3%9Fwasser" title="Süßwasser">Süßwasser</a>-Cyanobakterien der Gattung <i>Synechocystis</i> und wird vom <a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a> als Spezies gelistet.<sup id="cite_ref-NCBI_PCC_6803_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI_PCC_6803-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<i>S.</i> sp. PCC 6803 ist eine der am besten untersuchten Arten von Cyanobakterien, denn diese Cyanobakterien sind sowohl zu <a href="Autotroph" class="mw-redirect" title="Autotroph">autotrophem</a> (<a href="Phototroph" class="mw-redirect" title="Phototroph">phototrophem</a> Wachstum durch <a href="Photosynthese" title="Photosynthese">Photosynthese</a> während der Lichtperioden) als auch zu <a href="Heterotroph" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterotroph">heterotrophem</a> Wachstum durch <a href="Glykolyse" title="Glykolyse">Glykolyse</a> und <a href="Oxidative_Phosphorylierung" title="Oxidative Phosphorylierung">oxidative Phosphorylierung</a> während der Dunkelperioden fähig (<a href="Mixotrophie" title="Mixotrophie">Mixotrophie</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-heidorn_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heidorn-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Der Photosyntheseapparat selbst ist dem von Landpflanzen sehr ähnlich. Der Organismus zeigt auch eine <a href="Phototaxis" title="Phototaxis">phototaktische</a> Bewegung.
Die <a href="Genexpression" title="Genexpression">Genexpression</a> wird durch eine <a href="Circadiane_Rhythmik" title="Circadiane Rhythmik">zirkadiane Uhr</a> (<span lang="en"><i>circadian clock</i></span>) reguliert, und der Organismus kann sich Übergänge zwischen den Licht- und Dunkelphasen effektiv einstellen.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
<i>S.</i> sp. PCC 6803 kann leicht exogene DNA aufnehmen, zusätzlich zur Aufnahme von DNA durch <a href="Elektroporation" title="Elektroporation">Elektroporation</a>, <a href="Ultraschall" title="Ultraschall">Ultraschalltransformation</a> und <a href="Konjugation_(Biologie)" title="Konjugation (Biologie)">Konjugation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fundort">Fundort</h3></div>
<p>Die Linie wurde 1968 aus einem <a href="See" title="See">Süßwassersee</a> isoliert und wächst am besten zwischen 32 und 38 °C.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kultivierung">Kultivierung</h3></div>
<p>Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 kann entweder auf <a href="Agarplatte" class="mw-redirect" title="Agarplatte">Agarplatten</a> oder in <a href="Mikroorganismenkultur#Flüssigkultur" title="Mikroorganismenkultur">Flüssigkultur</a> kultiviert werden.
Das am weitesten verbreitete Kulturmedium ist eine BG-11-Salzlösung,<sup id="cite_ref-williams1988_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams1988-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wie es auch für <i><a href="Synechococcus" title="Synechococcus">Synechococcus</a> elongatus</i><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und <i><a href="Gloeomargarita" title="Gloeomargarita">Gloeomargarita</a> lithophora</i><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verwendung findet.
Der ideale <a href="PH-Wert" title="PH-Wert">pH-Wert</a> liegt zwischen 7 und 8,5;
eine Lichtintensität von 50 <a href="Mol#Dezimale_Vielfache" title="Mol">μmol</a> <a href="Photon" title="Photon">Photonen</a> m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> (pro <a href="Quadratmeter" title="Quadratmeter">Quadratmeter</a> und Sekunde) führt zu bestem Wachstum. Das Sprudeln mit <a href="Kohlendioxid" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohlendioxid">kohlendioxid</a>angereicherter Luft (1-2 % CO<sub>2</sub>) kann die Wachstumsrate erhöhen, erfordert aber möglicherweise zusätzliche <a href="Puffer_(Chemie)" title="Puffer (Chemie)">Puffer</a> zur Aufrechterhaltung des pH-Werts.<sup id="cite_ref-heidorn_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heidorn-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die Selektion erfolgt typischerweise über Antibiotikaresistenzgene. Heidorn <i>et al.</i> 2011 ermittelten in <i>S.</i> sp. PCC 6803 experimentell die idealen Konzentrationen von <a href="Kanamycin" title="Kanamycin">Kanamycin</a>, <a href="Spectinomycin" title="Spectinomycin">Spectinomycin</a>, <a href="Streptomycin" title="Streptomycin">Streptomycin</a>, <a href="Chloramphenicol" title="Chloramphenicol">Chloramphenicol</a>, <a href="Erythromycin" title="Erythromycin">Erythromycin</a> und <a href="Gentamicin" title="Gentamicin">Gentamicin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-heidorn_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heidorn-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Die Kulturen können für ca. 2 Wochen auf Agarplatten aufbewahrt und unbegrenzt nachgestreut werden.<sup id="cite_ref-williams1988_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams1988-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Für die Langzeitlagerung sollten flüssige Zellkulturen in einer 15%igen <a href="Glycerin" title="Glycerin">Glycerinlösung</a> bei −80 °C gelagert werden.<sup id="cite_ref-williams1988_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams1988-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synthetische_Biology_und_Gentechnik">Synthetische Biology und Gentechnik</h3></div>
<p><i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803 ist ein Modellorganismus, dennoch gibt es nur wenige synthetische Teile, die für die Gentechnik verwendet werden können. Da Cyanobakterien im Allgemeinen im Vergleich zu vielen pathogenen Bakterien langsame Verdopplungszeiten haben (4,5 bis 5 h bei <i>S.</i> sp. PCC 6301<sup id="cite_ref-Sakamoto1999_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sakamoto1999-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), ist es effizienter, stattdessen möglichst viel DNA-Klonierung in einem schnell wachsenden Wirt wie <i><a href="Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i> durchzuführen. Um <a href="Plasmide" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasmide">Plasmide</a> (stabile, sich replizierende zirkuläre DNA-Fragmente) – zu erzeugen, die erfolgreich in mehreren Spezies funktionieren, wird ein <a href="Shuttle-Plasmid" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle-Plasmid">Shuttle-Plasmid</a> (<span lang="en"><i>shuttle vector</i></span>) mit einem breiten Wirtsspektrum benötigt.<sup id="cite_ref-heidorn_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-heidorn-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-camsundlindblad_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-camsundlindblad-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-peca_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-peca-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Produktion_von_Biotreibstoff">Produktion von Biotreibstoff</h3></div>
<p>Cyanobakterien wurden auf verschiedene Weise zur Herstellung von erneuerbarem <a href="Biokraftstoff" title="Biokraftstoff">Biokraftstoff</a> verwendet. Die ursprüngliche Methode bestand darin, Cyanobakterien für die <a href="Biomasse" title="Biomasse">Biomasse</a> zu züchten um diese durch Verflüssigung in Flüssigkraftstoff umzuwandeln.
Schätzungen legen nahe, dass die Biokraftstoffproduktion aus (unveränderten) Cyanobakterien nicht realisierbar ist, da der <a href="Erntefaktor" title="Erntefaktor">Erntefaktor</a> EROEI (<span lang="en">Energy Return on Energy Invested</span>) ungünstig ist. Dies liegt daran, dass zahlreiche große, in sich geschlossene <a href="Bioreaktor" title="Bioreaktor">Bioreaktoren</a> mit idealen Wachstumsbedingungen (Sonnenlicht, Düngemittel, konzentriertes Kohlendioxid, Sauerstoff) gebaut und betrieben werden müssen, was <a href="Fossile_Brennstoffe" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossile Brennstoffe">fossile Brennstoffe</a> verbraucht. Außerdem ist eine weitere Nachbearbeitung der Cyanobakterienprodukte notwendig, was zusätzliche fossile Brennstoffe erfordert.<sup id="cite_ref-cotton_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotton-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p><i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803 wurde aber als Modell verwendet, um die Energieausbeute von Cyanobakterien durch <a href="Gentechnik" title="Gentechnik">gentechnische Eingriffe</a> zu erhöhen:
</p>
<ul><li>Erweiterung des Bereichs der photosynthetischen Lichtabsorption<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Veränderung der <a href="Photosystem_II#Struktur" title="Photosystem II">Antennengröße</a> im Photosystem II<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Erhöhung der <a href="Bicarbonat" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicarbonat">Bicarbonat</a>aufnahme<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Modifikation des <a href="RuBisCO" title="RuBisCO">RuBisCO</a>-Enzyms zur Erhöhung der Kohlenstofffixierung<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>Einführung von Biokraftstoff-produzierenden <a href="Stoffwechselweg" title="Stoffwechselweg">Stoffwechselwegen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cotton_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cotton-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<p>Es ist allerdings noch nicht klar, ob cyanobakterielle Biokraftstoffe in Zukunft eine brauchbare Alternative zu nicht-erneuerbaren fossilen Kraftstoffen sein werden.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genom">Genom</h2></div>
<p>Das <a href="Genom" title="Genom">Genom</a> von <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803 befindet sich in etwa 12 Kopien eines einzelnen DNA-Moleküls (<a href="Chromosom#Prokaryoten" title="Chromosom">Chromosoms</a>) mit 3,57 <a href="Basenpaar" title="Basenpaar">Mbp</a> (Megabasenpaare) Länge;
drei kleinen Plasmiden: pCC5.2 mit 5,2 kbp (Kilobasenpaare), pCA2.4 mit 2,4 kbp und pCB2.4 mit 2,4 kbp;
und vier großen Plasmiden: pSYSM mit 120 kbp, pSYSX mit 106 kbp, pSYSA mit 103 kbp und pSYSG mit 44 kbp.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Licht-induzierte_Heterotrophie">Licht-induzierte Heterotrophie</h2></div>
<p>Der <a href="Glukose" class="mw-redirect" title="Glukose">Glukose</a>-tolerante Unterstamm ATCC 27184 von <i>S.</i> sp. PCC 6803 kann heterotroph im Dunkeln auf der Kohlenstoffquelle Glukose leben, benötigt aber aus noch unbekannten Gründen ein Minimum von 5 bis 15 Minuten (blaues) Licht pro Tag. Diese regulatorische Rolle des Lichts ist sowohl bei <a href="Photosystem_I" title="Photosystem I">PS1</a>- als auch bei <a href="Photosystem_II" title="Photosystem II">PS2</a>-defizienten Stämmen intakt.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Einige glykolytische Gene werden durch das Gen <i>sll1330</i> unter Licht- und Glukose-supplementierten Bedingungen reguliert. Eines der wichtigsten glykolytischen Gene ist das für Fructose-1,6-Bisphosphat-Aldolase (<i>fbaA</i>). Der <a href="MRNA" title="MRNA">mRNA</a>-Spiegel von <i>fbaA</i> ist unter Licht- und Glukose-supplementierten Bedingungen erhöht.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natives_CRISPR-Cas-System">Natives CRISPR-Cas-System</h2></div>
<p>Das <a href="CRISPR/Cas-Methode" title="CRISPR/Cas-Methode">CRISPR-Cas-System</a> (<span lang="en"><b>C</b>lustered <b>R</b>egularly <b>I</b>nterspaced <b>S</b>hort <b>P</b>alindrome <b>R</b>epeats / <b>C</b>RISPR-<b>as</b>sociated proteins</span>) sorgt für <a href="Immunit%C3%A4t_(Medizin)#Immunitätsarten" title="Immunität (Medizin)">adaptive Immunität</a> in <a href="Archaeen" title="Archaeen">Archaeen</a> und <a href="Bakterien" title="Bakterien">Bakterien</a>. <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803 enthält drei verschiedene CRISPR-Cas-Systeme: Typ I-D und zwei Versionen von Typ III.
Alle drei CRISPR-Cas-Systeme sind auf dem pSYSA-Plasmid lokalisiert. Das Typ-II-System, das bei vielen Spezies für gentechnische Zwecke adaptiert wurde, fehlt generell bei Cyanobakterien.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Natürliche_Genetische_Transformation"><span id="Nat.C3.BCrliche_Genetische_Transformation"></span>Natürliche Genetische Transformation</h2></div>
<p><i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803 ist zu einer natürlichen <a href="Transformation_(Genetik)" title="Transformation (Genetik)">Genetischen Transformation</a> fähig.<sup id="cite_ref-Grigorieva1982_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grigorieva1982-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
Damit eine Transformation stattfinden kann, müssen sich die Empfängerbakterien in einem <a href="Kompetenz_(Bakterien)" title="Kompetenz (Bakterien)">kompetenten Zustand</a> befinden.
Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass das Gen <i>comF</i> an der Kompetenzentwicklung in <i>S.</i> sp. PCC 6803 beteiligt ist.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17159215_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17159215-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Homologien_der_Membranproteine_zu_solchen_von_Eukaryoten">Homologien der Membranproteine zu solchen von Eukaryoten</h2></div>
<p>Im Jahr 2023 untersuchten Dirk Schneider <i>et al</i>. Homologien zwischen Membranproteinen der <a href="Eukaryoten" title="Eukaryoten">Eukaryoten</a> und DER Cyanobakterien (am Beispiel <i>Synechocystis </i> sp. PCC 6803). Ein Beispiel ist das <a href="Dynamine" title="Dynamine">Dynamin-ähnliche Protein</a> <i>Syn</i>DLP von <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803.<sup id="cite_ref-Gewehr2023_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gewehr2023-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Siebenaller2023_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siebenaller2023-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Archaikum" title="Archaikum">Archaikum</a>, ein Äon in der Urgeschichte der Erde</li>
<li><a href="Proterozoikum" title="Proterozoikum">Proterozoikum</a>, dito</li>
<li><a href="Systematik_der_Bakterien" title="Systematik der Bakterien">Systematik der Bakterien</a></li>
<li><a href="Biod%C3%BCnger" title="Biodünger">Biodünger</a> (Biofertilizer)</li>
<li><a href="Biokraftstoff" title="Biokraftstoff">Biokraftstoff</a></li>
<li><a href="Cyanobakterien" title="Cyanobakterien">Cyanobakterien</a></li>
<li><a href="Endosymbiont" class="mw-redirect" title="Endosymbiont">Endosymbiont</a> mit einem Cyanobionten (cyanobakteriellen Endosymbionten)</li>
<li><a href="Gro%C3%9Fe_Sauerstoffkatastrophe" title="Große Sauerstoffkatastrophe">Große Sauerstoffkatastrophe</a></li>
<li><a href="Gr%C3%BCnalge" title="Grünalge">Grünalgen</a> und Mikroalgen</li>
<li><a href="Biofilm" title="Biofilm">Biofilm</a> und Mikrobenmatten</li>
<li><a href="Phytoplankton" title="Phytoplankton">Phytoplankton</a></li>
<li><a href="Stromatolith" title="Stromatolith">Stromatolith</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://string.embl.de/">STRING</a> – Datenbank mit bekannten und vorhergesagten Protein-Protein-Interaktionen. Speziell bietet die Datenbank Interaktionen für <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803.</li>
<li>Bradley Lynn Postier: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shareok.org/bitstream/handle/11244/44743/Thesis-2003D-P857s.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Studies On The Photosynthetic Microorganism <i>Synechocystis PCC6803</i> And How It Responds To The Effects Of Salt Stress</a>, <a href="Studienabschlussarbeit" title="Studienabschlussarbeit">Thesis</a>, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, 1996</li>
<li>Anna Manz: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scinexx.de/fotos/kunstpflanze-mit-pfiff/">Kunstpflanze mit Pfiff: Neue Erfindung reinigt die Raumluft und erzeugt Strom</a> (mit <i>Synechocystis</i>). Auf: <a href="Scinexx" title="Scinexx">scinexx</a>.de vom 7. November 2024</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anmerkungen">Anmerkungen</h2></div>
<ol class="references" data-mw-group="Anm.">
<li id="cite_note-nurNCBI-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nurNCBI_10-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nurNCBI_10-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nurNCBI_10-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nurNCBI_10-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nurNCBI_10-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">nur bei <a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>, nicht in der <a href="LPSN" class="mw-redirect" title="LPSN">LPSN</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">'Nom. inval.' (= nomen invalidum, = invalid name)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GT-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GT_16-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GT_16-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">GT: <a href="Glucose" title="Glucose">Glucose</a>-tolerant</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ein Phänom ist die Gesamtheit aller Phänotypen, die von einer Zelle, einem Gewebe, einem Organ, einem Organismus oder einer Spezies ausgedrückt werden. Analoge Bildung zu <a href="Genom" title="Genom">Genom</a>, <a href="Proteom" title="Proteom">Proteom</a>, <a href="Mitochondriale_DNA" title="Mitochondriale DNA">Mitogenom/Chondriom</a>, <a href="Plastom" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastom">Plastom</a> etc. Siehe <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/biologie/phaenom/50877">Phänom</a>, auf: spektrum.de, Lexikon der Biologie.</span>
</li>
</ol>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Komarek2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Komarek2014_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Komarek2014_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Komárek, J. Kaštovský, J. Mareš, J. R. Johansen: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Taxonomic classification of cyanoprokaryotes (cyanobacterial genera) 2014, using a polyphasic approach</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Preslia</cite>. 86. Jahrgang, 2014, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>295–335</span> (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.preslia.cz/P144Komarek.pdf">preslia.cz</a> [PDF]).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Taxonomic+classification+of+cyanoprokaryotes+%28cyanobacterial+genera%29+2014%2C+using+a+polyphasic+approach&rft.au=J.+Kom%C3%A1rek%2C+J.+Ka%C5%A1tovsk%C3%BD%2C+J.+Mare%C5%A1%2C+...&rft.btitle=Preslia&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=295-335&rft.volume=86.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NCBI_PCC_6803-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_PCC_6803_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_PCC_6803_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_PCC_6803_2-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=1148&lvl=3&srchmode=1">Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 – tree</a> und <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=1148&lvl=3&srchmode=1">Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 – detail</a> (species)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wang M, Jiang YY, Kim KM, Qu G, Ji HF, Mittenthal JE, Zhang HY, Caetano-Anollés G: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">A universal molecular clock of protein folds and its power in tracing the early history of aerobic metabolism and planet oxygenation</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Molecular Biology and Evolution</cite>. 28. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, Januar 2011, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>567–582</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev%2Fmsq232">10.1093/molbev/msq232</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20805191?dopt=Abstract">PMID 20805191</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=A+universal+molecular+clock+of+protein+folds+and+its+power+in+tracing+the+early+history+of+aerobic+metabolism+and+planet+oxygenation&rft.au=Wang+M%2C+Jiang+YY%2C+Kim+KM%2C+...&rft.date=2011-01&rft.doi=10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsq232&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Molecular+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.pages=567-582&rft.pmid=20805191&rft.volume=28.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="book">B. A. Whitton, M. Potts: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Ecology of Cyanobacteria II</cite>. 2012, ISBN 978-94-007-3854-6, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://semanticscholar.org/paper/31941df77495bca3f95fd1723751e6abe7d72d89">Introduction to the Cyanobacteria</a>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1–13</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3855-3_1">10.1007/978-94-007-3855-3_1</a></span> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abookitem&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+the+Cyanobacteria&rft.au=B.+A.+Whitton%2C+M.+Potts&rft.btitle=Ecology+of+Cyanobacteria+II&rft.date=2012&rft.doi=10.1007%2F978-94-007-3855-3_1&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9789400738546&rft.pages=1-13" style="display:none"> </span></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Shih2012-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Shih2012_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Shih PM, Wu D, Latifi A, Axen SD, Fewer DP, Talla E, Calteau A, Cai F, Tandeau de Marsac N, Rippka R, Herdman M, Sivonen K, Coursin T, Laurent T, Goodwin L, Nolan M, Davenport KW, Han CS, Rubin EM, Eisen JA, Woyke T, Gugger M, <a href="Cheryl_Kerfeld" title="Cheryl Kerfeld">Kerfeld CA</a>: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Improving the coverage of the cyanobacterial phylum using diversity-driven genome sequencing</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</cite>. 110. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, Januar 2013, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1053–1058</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1217107110">10.1073/pnas.1217107110</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23277585?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23277585</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3549136/">PMC 3549136</a> (freier Volltext), <a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PNAS..110.1053S">2013PNAS..110.1053S</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Improving+the+coverage+of+the+cyanobacterial+phylum+using+diversity-driven+genome+sequencing&rft.au=Shih+PM%2C+Wu+D%2C+Latifi+A%2C+...&rft.date=2013-01&rft.doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.1217107110&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.pages=1053-1058&rft.pmc=3549136&rft.pmid=23277585&rft.volume=110.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Bandyopadhyay2011-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bandyopadhyay2011_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Bandyopadhyay A, Elvitigala T, Welsh E, Stöckel J, Liberton M, Min H, Sherman LA, Pakrasi HB: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Novel metabolic attributes of the genus cyanothece, comprising a group of unicellular nitrogen-fixing Cyanothece</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">mBio</cite>. 2. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>5</span>, 4. Oktober 2011, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>e00214–11–e00214–11</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00214-11">10.1128/mBio.00214-11</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21972240?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21972240</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3187577/">PMC 3187577</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Novel+metabolic+attributes+of+the+genus+cyanothece%2C+comprising+a+group+of+unicellular+nitrogen-fixing+Cyanothece&rft.au=Bandyopadhyay+A%2C+Elvitigala+T%2C+Welsh+E%2C+...&rft.date=2011-10-04&rft.doi=10.1128%2FmBio.00214-11&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=mBio&rft.pages=e00214-11-e00214-11&rft.pmc=3187577&rft.pmid=21972240&rft.volume=2.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. Turner, T. C. Huang, S. M. Chaw: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Molecular phylogeny of nitrogen-fixing unicellular cyanobacteria</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica</cite>. 42. Jahrgang, 2001, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>181–186</span> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Molecular+phylogeny+of+nitrogen-fixing+unicellular+cyanobacteria&rft.au=S.+Turner%2C+T.+C.+Huang%2C+S.+M.+Chaw&rft.btitle=Botanical+Bulletin+of+Academia+Sinica&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=181-186&rft.volume=42.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-LPSN-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LPSN_8-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-LPSN_8-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="List_of_Prokaryotic_names_with_Standing_in_Nomenclature" title="List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature">LPSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/synechocystis">Genus <i>Synechocystis</i></a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NCBI_gen-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI_gen_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Tree&id=1142&lvl=3&srchmode=1"><i>Synechocystis</i> Sauvageau 1892</a> (genus); graphisch: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifemap-ncbi.univ-lyon1.fr/?tid=1142">Synechocystis</a>, auf: Lifemap, NCBI Version.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Sakamoto1999-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sakamoto1999_12-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Sakamoto1999_12-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Toshio Sakamoto, Donald A. Bryant: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Nitrate transport and not photoinhibition limits growth of the freshwater Cyanobacterium synechococcus species PCC 6301 at low temperature</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Plant Physiology</cite>. 119. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2</span>, Februar 1999, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>785–794</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.119.2.785">10.1104/pp.119.2.785</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9952475?dopt=Abstract">PMID 9952475</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC32156/">PMC 32156</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/119/2/785">plantphysiol.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Nitrate+transport+and+not+photoinhibition+limits+growth+of+the+freshwater+Cyanobacterium+synechococcus+species+PCC+6301+at+low+temperature&rft.au=Toshio+Sakamoto%2C+Donald+A.+Bryant&rft.date=1999-02&rft.doi=10.1104%2Fpp.119.2.785&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Plant+Physiology&rft.pages=785-794&rft.pmc=32156&rft.pmid=9952475&rft.volume=119.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Krings2023-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Krings2023_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Simone Krings, Yuxiu Chen, Joseph L. Keddie, Suzanne Hingley-Wilson: <i>Oxygen evolution from extremophilic cyanobacteria confined in hard biocoatings.</i> In: <i>ASM Journals</i>: <i>Microbiology Spectrum</i>, Band 11, Nr. 5, 25. September 2023; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.01870-23" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1128/spectrum.01870-23">doi:10.1128/spectrum.01870-23</a> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a>). Dazu:
<ul><li>Michelle Starr: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-just-came-up-with-a-wild-idea-for-making-oxygen-on-mars">Scientists Just Came Up With a Wild Idea For Making Oxygen on Mars</a>. Auf: science<sup>alert</sup> vom 21. Oktober 2023.</li></ul>
</span></li>
<li id="cite_note-huanglindblad-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-huanglindblad_14-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-huanglindblad_14-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Hsin-Ho Huang, Peter Lindblad: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Wide-dynamic-range promoters engineered for cyanobacteria</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Journal of Biological Engineering</cite>. 7. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, 22. April 2013, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>10</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-1611-7-10">10.1186/1754-1611-7-10</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23607865?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23607865</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3724501/">PMC 3724501</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Wide-dynamic-range+promoters+engineered+for+cyanobacteria&rft.au=Hsin-Ho+Huang%2C+Peter+Lindblad&rft.date=2013-04-22&rft.doi=10.1186%2F1754-1611-7-10&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Biological+Engineering&rft.pages=10&rft.pmc=3724501&rft.pmid=23607865&rft.volume=7.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Y. Kanesaki,, Y. Shiwa, N. Tajima, M. Suzuki, S. Watanabe, N. Sato, M. Ikeuchi, H. Yoshikawa: Identification of substrain-specific mutations by massively parallel whole-genome resequencing of <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803, in: DNA Res Band 19, Nr. 1, S. 67-79, 2012, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22193367?dopt=Abstract">PMID 22193367</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Naoyuki Tajima, Shusei Sato, Fumito Maruyama, Takakazu Kaneko, Naobumi V. Sasaki, Ken Kurokawa, Hiroyuki Ohta, Yu Kanesaki, Hirofumi Yoshikawa, Satoshi Tabata, Masahiko Ikeuchi, Naoki Sato: <i>Genomic structure of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 strain GT-S</i>, in: DNA Res Band 18, Nr. 5, S. 393-399, Oktober 2011, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/dsr026" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1093/dnares/dsr026">doi:10.1093/dnares/dsr026</a>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21803841?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21803841</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="LPSN" class="mw-redirect" title="LPSN">LPSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/prochloron">Genus <i>Prochloron</i> <small>(ex <span class="Person h-card">Lewin</span> 1977) <span class="Person h-card">Florenzano</span> <i>et al.</i> 1986</small></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/prochloron-1">Genus <i>Prochloron</i> <small><span class="Person h-card">Lewin</span> 1977</small></a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=1214&lvl=3&srchmode=1"><i>Prochloron</i> (ex Lewin 1977) Florenzano et al. 1986</a> (genus); graphisch: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lifemap-ncbi.univ-lyon1.fr/?tid=1214">Prochloron</a>, auf: Lifemap, NCBI Version.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gaozhong Shen, Sammy Boussib, Wim F. J. Vermaas: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 strains lacking photosystem I and phycobilisome function</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">The Plant Cell</cite>. 5. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>12</span>, Dezember 1993, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1853–1863</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.5.12.1853">10.1105/tpc.5.12.1853</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8305875?dopt=Abstract">PMID 8305875</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC160410/">PMC 160410</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Synechocystis+sp+PCC+6803+strains+lacking+photosystem+I+and+phycobilisome+function&rft.au=Gaozhong+Shen%2C+Sammy+Boussib%2C+Wim+F.+J.+Vermaas&rft.date=1993-12&rft.doi=10.1105%2Ftpc.5.12.1853&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=The+Plant+Cell&rft.pages=1853-1863&rft.pmc=160410&rft.pmid=8305875&rft.volume=5.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.plantcell.org/content/plantcell/5/12/1853.full.pdf">PDF</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-heidorn-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-heidorn_22-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-heidorn_22-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-heidorn_22-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-heidorn_22-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Heidorn, D. Camsund, H. H. Huang, P. Lindberg, P. Oliveira, K. Stensjö, P. Lindblad: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Synthetic biology in cyanobacteria engineering and analyzing novel functions</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Methods in Enzymology</cite>. 497. Jahrgang, 2011, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>539–579</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385075-1.00024-X">10.1016/B978-0-12-385075-1.00024-X</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21601103?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21601103</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Synthetic+biology+in+cyanobacteria+engineering+and+analyzing+novel+functions&rft.au=T.+Heidorn%2C+D.+Camsund%2C+H.+H.+Huang%2C+...&rft.btitle=Methods+in+Enzymology&rft.date=2011&rft.doi=10.1016%2FB978-0-12-385075-1.00024-X&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=539-579&rft.pmid=21601103&rft.volume=497.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Dong G, S. S. Golden: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">How a cyanobacterium tells time</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Current Opinion in Microbiology</cite>. 11. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>6</span>, Dezember 2008, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>541–546</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2008.10.003">10.1016/j.mib.2008.10.003</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18983934?dopt=Abstract">PMID 18983934</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2692899/">PMC 2692899</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=How+a+cyanobacterium+tells+time&rft.au=G.+Dong+G%2C+S.+S.+Golden&rft.date=2008-12&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.mib.2008.10.003&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Microbiology&rft.pages=541-546&rft.pmc=2692899&rft.pmid=18983934&rft.volume=11.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Marraccini, S. Bulteau, C. Cassier-Chauvat, P. Mermet-Bouvier, F. Chauvat: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">A conjugative plasmid vector for promoter analysis in several cyanobacteria of the genera Synechococcus and Synechocystis</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Plant Molecular Biology</cite>. 23. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4</span>, November 1993, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>905–909</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00021546">10.1007/BF00021546</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8251644?dopt=Abstract">PMID 8251644</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=A+conjugative+plasmid+vector+for+promoter+analysis+in+several+cyanobacteria+of+the+genera+Synechococcus+and+Synechocystis&rft.au=P.+Marraccini%2C+S.+Bulteau%2C+C.+Cassier-Chauvat%2C+...&rft.date=1993-11&rft.doi=10.1007%2FBF00021546&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Plant+Molecular+Biology&rft.pages=905-909&rft.pmid=8251644&rft.volume=23.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Červený, M. A. Sinetova, T. Zavřel, D. A. Los: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Mechanisms of High Temperature Resistance of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803: An Impact of Histidine Kinase 34</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Life</cite>. 5. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, März 2015, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>676–699</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/life5010676">10.3390/life5010676</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25738257?dopt=Abstract">PMID 25738257</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4390874/">PMC 4390874</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Mechanisms+of+High+Temperature+Resistance+of+Synechocystis+sp.+PCC+6803%3A+An+Impact+of+Histidine+Kinase+34&rft.au=J.+%C4%8Cerven%C3%BD%2C+M.+A.+Sinetova%2C+T.+Zav%C5%99el%2C+...&rft.date=2015-03&rft.doi=10.3390%2Flife5010676&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.pages=676-699&rft.pmc=4390874&rft.pmid=25738257&rft.volume=5.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-williams1988-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-williams1988_26-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-williams1988_26-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-williams1988_26-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">V. G. Williams: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Construction of specific mutations in photosystem II photosynthetic reaction center by genetic engineering methods in Synechocystis 6803</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Methods in Enzymology</cite>. 167. Jahrgang, 1988, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>766–778</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879%2888%2967088-1">10.1016/0076-6879(88)67088-1</a></span> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Construction+of+specific+mutations+in+photosystem+II+photosynthetic+reaction+center+by+genetic+engineering+methods+in+Synechocystis+6803&rft.au=V.+G.+Williams&rft.btitle=Methods+in+Enzymology&rft.date=1988&rft.doi=10.1016%2F0076-6879%2888%2967088-1&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=766-778&rft.volume=167.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Justin Ungerer, Po-Cheng Lin, Hui-Yuan Chen, Himadri B. Pakrasi: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Adjustments to Photosystem Stoichiometry and Electron Transfer Proteins Are Key to the Remarkably Fast Growth of the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">mBio</cite>. 9. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, 7. März 2018, <a href="Internationale_Standardnummer_f%C3%BCr_fortlaufende_Sammelwerke" title="Internationale Standardnummer für fortlaufende Sammelwerke">ISSN</a> <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zdb-katalog.de/list.xhtml?t=iss%3D%222150-7511%22&key=cql">2150-7511</a></span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02327-17">10.1128/mBio.02327-17</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29437923?dopt=Abstract">PMID 29437923</a> (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mbio.asm.org/content/9/1/e02327-17">asm.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Adjustments+to+Photosystem+Stoichiometry+and+Electron+Transfer+Proteins+Are+Key+to+the+Remarkably+Fast+Growth+of+the+Cyanobacterium+Synechococcus+elongatus+UTEX+2973&rft.au=Justin%26%2332%3BUngerer%2C%26%2332%3BPo-Cheng%26%2332%3BLin%2C%26%2332%3BHui-Yuan%26%2332%3BChen%2C+...&rft.date=2018-03-07&rft.doi=10.1128%2FmBio.02327-17&rft.genre=journal&rft.issn=2150-7511&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=mBio&rft.pmid=29437923&rft.volume=9.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Moreira, Rosaluz Tavera, Karim Benzerara, Fériel Skouri-Panet, Estelle Couradeau, Emmanuelle Gérard, Céline Loussert Fonta, Eberto Novela, Yvan Zivanovic, Purificación López-García: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Description of Gloeomargarita lithophora gen. nov., sp. nov., a thylakoid-bearing basal-branching cyanobacterium with intracellular carbonates, and proposal for Gloeomargaritales ord. nov.</cite> In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology</cite>. 67. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3</span>, 1. April 2017, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>653–658</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001679">10.1099/ijsem.0.001679</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27902306?dopt=Abstract">PMID 27902306</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5669459/">PMC 5669459</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Description+of+Gloeomargarita+lithophora+gen.+nov.%2C+sp.+nov.%2C+a+thylakoid-bearing+basal-branching+cyanobacterium+with+intracellular+carbonates%2C+and+proposal+for+Gloeomargaritales+ord.+nov.&rft.au=David%26%2332%3BMoreira%2C%26%2332%3BRosaluz%26%2332%3BTavera%2C%26%2332%3BKarim%26%2332%3BBenzerara%2C+...&rft.date=2017-04-01&rft.doi=10.1099%2Fijsem.0.001679&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Systematic+and+Evolutionary+Microbiology&rft.pages=653-658&rft.pmc=5669459&rft.pmid=27902306&rft.volume=67.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scholz P, Haring V, Wittmann-Liebold B, Ashman K, Bagdasarian M, Scherzinger E: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Complete nucleotide sequence and gene organization of the broad-host-range plasmid RSF1010</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Gene</cite>. 75. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2</span>, Februar 1989, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>271–288</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1119%2889%2990273-4">10.1016/0378-1119(89)90273-4</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2653965?dopt=Abstract">PMID 2653965</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Complete+nucleotide+sequence+and+gene+organization+of+the+broad-host-range+plasmid+RSF1010&rft.au=Scholz+P%2C+Haring+V%2C+Wittmann-Liebold+B%2C+...&rft.date=1989-02&rft.doi=10.1016%2F0378-1119%2889%2990273-4&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Gene&rft.pages=271-288&rft.pmid=2653965&rft.volume=75.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parts.igem.org/Promoters/Catalog/Anderson"><i>Promoters/Catalog/Anderson.</i></a> In: <i>Registry of Standard Biological Parts.</i><span class="Abrufdatum" style="display:none"> Abgerufen im 1. Januar 1</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ASynechocystis&rft.title=Promoters%2FCatalog%2FAnderson&rft.description=Promoters%2FCatalog%2FAnderson&rft.identifier=&rft.date=&rft.language=en"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-camsundlindblad-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-camsundlindblad_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D. Camsund, P. Lindblad: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Engineered transcriptional systems for cyanobacterial biotechnology</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology</cite>. 2. Jahrgang, 1. Oktober 2014, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>40</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2014.00040">10.3389/fbioe.2014.00040</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25325057?dopt=Abstract">PMID 25325057</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4181335/">PMC 4181335</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Engineered+transcriptional+systems+for+cyanobacterial+biotechnology&rft.au=D.+Camsund%2C+P.+Lindblad&rft.btitle=Frontiers+in+Bioengineering+and+Biotechnology&rft.date=2014-10-01&rft.doi=10.3389%2Ffbioe.2014.00040&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=40&rft.pmc=4181335&rft.pmid=25325057&rft.volume=2.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-peca-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-peca_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">L. Peca: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Characterization of the activity of heavy metal-responsive promoters in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Acta Biologica Hungarica</cite>. 58. Jahrgang, 2007, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>11–22</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1556/ABiol.58.2007.Suppl.2">10.1556/ABiol.58.2007.Suppl.2</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18297791?dopt=Abstract">PMID 18297791</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Characterization+of+the+activity+of+heavy+metal-responsive+promoters+in+the+cyanobacterium+Synechocystis+PCC+6803&rft.au=L.+Peca&rft.btitle=Acta+Biologica+Hungarica&rft.date=2007&rft.doi=10.1556%2FABiol.58.2007.Suppl.2&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=11-22&rft.pmid=18297791&rft.volume=58.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-cotton-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cotton_33-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-cotton_33-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Cotton CA, Douglass JS, De Causmaecker S, Brinkert K, Cardona T, Fantuzzi A, Rutherford AW, Murray JW: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Photosynthetic constraints on fuel from microbes</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology</cite>. 3. Jahrgang, 18. März 2015, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>36</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2015.00036">10.3389/fbioe.2015.00036</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25853129?dopt=Abstract">PMID 25853129</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4364286/">PMC 4364286</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Photosynthetic+constraints+on+fuel+from+microbes&rft.au=Cotton+CA%2C+Douglass+JS%2C+De+Causmaecker+S%2C+...&rft.btitle=Frontiers+in+Bioengineering+and+Biotechnology&rft.date=2015-03-18&rft.doi=10.3389%2Ffbioe.2015.00036&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=36&rft.pmc=4364286&rft.pmid=25853129&rft.volume=3.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blankenship RE, Tiede DM, Barber J, Brudvig GW, Fleming G, Ghirardi M, Gunner MR, Junge W, Kramer DM, Melis A, Moore TA, Moser CC, Nocera DG, Nozik AJ, Ort DR, Parson WW, Prince RC, Sayre RT: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Comparing photosynthetic and photovoltaic efficiencies and recognizing the potential for improvement</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Science</cite>. 332. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>6031</span>, Mai 2011, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>805–809</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1200165">10.1126/science.1200165</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21566184?dopt=Abstract">PMID 21566184</a>, <a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...332..805B">2011Sci...332..805B</a> (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://semanticscholar.org/paper/372be1292f884e715fd81b10ed2f1256586e868e">semanticscholar.org</a>).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Comparing+photosynthetic+and+photovoltaic+efficiencies+and+recognizing+the+potential+for+improvement&rft.au=Blankenship+RE%2C+Tiede+DM%2C+Barber+J%2C+...&rft.date=2011-05&rft.doi=10.1126%2Fscience.1200165&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=6031&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=805-809&rft.pmid=21566184&rft.volume=332.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Y. Nakajima, R. Ueda: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Improvement of photosynthesis in dense microalgal suspension by reduction of light harvesting pigments</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Hydrobiologia</cite>. 9. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>6</span>, 1997, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>503–510</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023/A%3A1007920025419">10.1023/A:1007920025419</a></span> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Improvement+of+photosynthesis+in+dense+microalgal+suspension+by+reduction+of+light+harvesting+pigments&rft.au=Y.+Nakajima%2C+R.+Ueda&rft.date=1997&rft.doi=10.1023%2FA%3A1007920025419&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Hydrobiologia&rft.pages=503-510&rft.volume=9.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kamennaya NA, Ahn S, Park H, Bartal R, Sasaki KA, Holman HY, Jansson C: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Installing extra bicarbonate transporters in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 enhances biomass production</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Metabolic Engineering</cite>. 29. Jahrgang, Mai 2015, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>76–85</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2015.03.002">10.1016/j.ymben.2015.03.002</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25769289?dopt=Abstract">PMID 25769289</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Installing+extra+bicarbonate+transporters+in+the+cyanobacterium+Synechocystis+sp.+PCC+6803+enhances+biomass+production&rft.au=Kamennaya+NA%2C+Ahn+S%2C+Park+H%2C+...&rft.btitle=Metabolic+Engineering&rft.date=2015-05&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.ymben.2015.03.002&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=76-85&rft.pmid=25769289&rft.volume=29.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Durão P, Aigner H, Nagy P, Mueller-Cajar O, Hartl FU, Hayer-Hartl M: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Opposing effects of folding and assembly chaperones on evolvability of Rubisco</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Nature Chemical Biology</cite>. 11. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2</span>, Februar 2015, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>148–155</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.1715">10.1038/nchembio.1715</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25558973?dopt=Abstract">PMID 25558973</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Opposing+effects+of+folding+and+assembly+chaperones+on+evolvability+of+Rubisco&rft.au=Dur%C3%A3o+P%2C+Aigner+H%2C+Nagy+P%2C+...&rft.date=2015-02&rft.doi=10.1038%2Fnchembio.1715&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Nature+Chemical+Biology&rft.pages=148-155&rft.pmid=25558973&rft.volume=11.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. W. Oliver, I. M. Machado, H. Yoneda, S. Atsumi: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Cyanobacterial conversion of carbon dioxide to 2,3-butanediol</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</cite>. 110. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4</span>, Januar 2013, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1249–54</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1213024110">10.1073/pnas.1213024110</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23297225?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23297225</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3557092/">PMC 3557092</a> (freier Volltext), <a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PNAS..110.1249O">2013PNAS..110.1249O</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Cyanobacterial+conversion+of+carbon+dioxide+to+2%2C3-butanediol&rft.au=J.+W.+Oliver%2C+I.+M.+Machado%2C+H.+Yoneda%2C+...&rft.date=2013-01&rft.doi=10.1073%2Fpnas.1213024110&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.pages=1249-54&rft.pmc=3557092&rft.pmid=23297225&rft.volume=110.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Labarre, F. Chauvat, P. Thuriaux: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Insertional mutagenesis by random cloning of antibiotic resistance genes into the genome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis strain PCC 6803</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Journal of Bacteriology</cite>. 171. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>6</span>, Juni 1989, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3449–3457</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.171.6.3449-3457.1989">10.1128/jb.171.6.3449-3457.1989</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2498291?dopt=Abstract">PMID 2498291</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC210070/">PMC 210070</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Insertional+mutagenesis+by+random+cloning+of+antibiotic+resistance+genes+into+the+genome+of+the+cyanobacterium+Synechocystis+strain+PCC+6803&rft.au=J.+Labarre%2C+F.+Chauvat%2C+P.+Thuriaux&rft.date=1989-06&rft.doi=10.1128%2Fjb.171.6.3449-3457.1989&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=6&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.pages=3449-3457&rft.pmc=210070&rft.pmid=2498291&rft.volume=171.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">T. Kaneko, Y. Nakamura, S. Sasamoto, A. Watanabe, M. Kohara, M. Matsumoto, S. Shimpo, M. Yamada, S. Tabata: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Structural analysis of four large plasmids harboring in a unicellular cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">DNA Research</cite>. 10. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>5</span>, Oktober 2003, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>221–228</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares%2F10.5.221">10.1093/dnares/10.5.221</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14686584?dopt=Abstract">PMID 14686584</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Structural+analysis+of+four+large+plasmids+harboring+in+a+unicellular+cyanobacterium%2C+Synechocystis+sp.+PCC+6803&rft.au=T.+Kaneko%2C+Y.+Nakamura%2C+S.+Sasamoto%2C+...&rft.date=2003-10&rft.doi=10.1093%2Fdnares%2F10.5.221&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=5&rft.jtitle=DNA+Research&rft.pages=221-228&rft.pmid=14686584&rft.volume=10.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">S. L. Anderson, L. McIntosh: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Light-activated heterotrophic growth of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803: a blue-light-requiring process</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Journal of Bacteriology</cite>. 173. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>9</span>, Mai 1991, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2761–2767</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.9.2761-2767.1991">10.1128/jb.173.9.2761-2767.1991</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1902208?dopt=Abstract">PMID 1902208</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC207855/">PMC 207855</a> (freier Volltext) – (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Light-activated+heterotrophic+growth+of+the+cyanobacterium+Synechocystis+sp.+strain+PCC+6803%3A+a+blue-light-requiring+process&rft.au=S.+L.+Anderson%2C+L.+McIntosh&rft.date=1991-05&rft.doi=10.1128%2Fjb.173.9.2761-2767.1991&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=9&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Bacteriology&rft.pages=2761-2767&rft.pmc=207855&rft.pmid=1902208&rft.volume=173.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Y. Tabei, K. Okada, M. Tsuzuki: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Sll1330 controls the expression of glycolytic genes in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications</cite>. 355. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>4</span>, April 2007, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1045–1050</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.065">10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.02.065</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17331473?dopt=Abstract">PMID 17331473</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=Sll1330+controls+the+expression+of+glycolytic+genes+in+Synechocystis+sp.+PCC+6803&rft.au=Y.+Tabei%2C+K.+Okada%2C+M.+Tsuzuki&rft.date=2007-04&rft.doi=10.1016%2Fj.bbrc.2007.02.065&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=Biochemical+and+Biophysical+Research+Communications&rft.pages=1045-1050&rft.pmid=17331473&rft.volume=355.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Scholz I, Lange SJ, Hein S, Hess WR, Backofen R: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">CRISPR-Cas systems in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 exhibit distinct processing pathways involving at least two Cas6 and a Cmr2 protein</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">PLOS ONE</cite>. 8. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2</span>, 18. Februar 2013, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>e56470</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056470">10.1371/journal.pone.0056470</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23441196?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23441196</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3575380/">PMC 3575380</a> (freier Volltext), <a href="Bibcode" title="Bibcode">bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PLoSO...856470S">2013PLoSO...856470S</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=CRISPR-Cas+systems+in+the+cyanobacterium+Synechocystis+sp.+PCC+6803+exhibit+distinct+processing+pathways+involving+at+least+two+Cas6+and+a+Cmr2+protein&rft.au=Scholz+I%2C+Lange+SJ%2C+Hein+S%2C+...&rft.date=2013-02-18&rft.doi=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056470&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.pages=e56470&rft.pmc=3575380&rft.pmid=23441196&rft.volume=8.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Grigorieva1982-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Grigorieva1982_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Galina Grigorieva, Sergei Shestakov: <i>Transformation in the cyanobacterium </i>Synechocystis<i> sp. 6803</i>. In: <i>FEMS Microbiology Letters</i>, Band 13, Nr. 4, 1. April 1982, S. 367-370, Published by Elsevier Biomedical Press; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1982.tb08289.x" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1982.tb08289.x">doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1982.tb08289.x</a>.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-pmid17159215-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid17159215_45-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">K. Nakasugi, C. J. Svenson, B. A. Neilan: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">The competence gene, comF, from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 is involved in natural transformation, phototactic motility and piliation</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Microbiology</cite>. 152. Jahrgang, Pt 12, Dezember 2006, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>3623–3631</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.29189-0">10.1099/mic.0.29189-0</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17159215?dopt=Abstract">PMID 17159215</a> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Synechocystis&rft.atitle=The+competence+gene%2C+comF%2C+from+Synechocystis+sp.+strain+PCC+6803+is+involved+in+natural+transformation%2C+phototactic+motility+and+piliation&rft.au=K.+Nakasugi%2C+C.+J.+Svenson%2C+B.+A.+Neilan&rft.date=2006-12&rft.doi=10.1099%2Fmic.0.29189-0&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=Pt+12&rft.jtitle=Microbiology&rft.pages=3623-3631&rft.pmid=17159215&rft.volume=152.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Gewehr2023-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gewehr2023_46-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Lucas Gewehr, Benedikt Junglas, Ruven Jilly, Johannes Franz, Wenyu Eva Zhu, Tobias Weidner, Mischa Bonn, Carsten Sachse, Dirk Schneider: Syn<i>DLP is a dynamin-like protein of </i>Synechocystis<i> sp. PCC 6803 with eukaryotic features</i>. In: <i><a href="Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a> Communications</i>, Band 14, Nr. 2156, 14. April 2023; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-37746-9" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37746-9">doi:10.1038/s41467-023-37746-9</a>. Dazu:
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/987321?language=german">Verwandtschaft entdeckt: Membranproteine von Cyanobakterien und von höheren Organismen sind strukturell ähnlich</a>. SynDLP könnte ein bakterieller Vorfahre von vergleichbaren Membranproteinen bei Eukaryoten sein. Auf: EruekAlert! vom 25. April 2023. Quelle: <a href="Johannes_Gutenberg-Universit%C3%A4t_Mainz" title="Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz">Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz</a>.</li></ul>
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<li id="cite_note-Siebenaller2023-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Siebenaller2023_47-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Carmen Siebenaller, Dirk Schneider: <i>Cyanobacterial membrane dynamics in the light of eukaryotic principles</i>. In: <i>Prtland Press</i>: <i>Bioscience Reports</i>, Band 43, Nr. 2, Februar 2023, BSR20221269; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20221269" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1042/BSR20221269">doi:10.1042/BSR20221269</a>.</span>
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